Sustainability and Corporate Reporting - a waltz, not a toi-toi

A reawakening in consulting prowess where needed most

For a long time, there has existed a Tower of Babel type communications gap between a company’s number-crunching financial controllers (custodians of its tangible assets) and the brand-aware CSI managers and story-tellers (custodians of its intangible assets). While a rickety bridge exists in the human resources portfolio, environmental and social dialects often get lost in translation.

Corporate reporting made its infantile first steps during the Coming of Age of the Industrial Age. With the transformation from agriculture to industry, horseback to engine, wood to metallurgy, fire to energy came the spread of Western value systems over many Continents.

The world of commerce was transformed in a very short timeframe. Electric utilities, appliance manufacturers, and communications companies proliferated. The period following Henry Ford’s first US assembly line in 1913 fast tracked the era of industrial development and social welfare.

This century, by all accounts, we are reaching the tipping point – where population growth and consumption is threatening the very system that created our social and economic wealth, backed by the environmental wealth that we have made such industrious use of up until now.

Although corporate reporting has played an invaluable role with respect to stewardship of financial capital, it focuses on a relatively narrow account of historical financial performance and of the value-creation process.

In this day and age, a firm’s physical and financial assets represent a small percentage of market value – down from 83% in 1975 to only 19% just over three decades later in 2009. Integrated Reporting is a global movement that aims to formalise the reporting on these intangible factors that cannot be explained in isolation or be given justice within traditional financial statements.

On the journey to satisfy the needs of investor, stakeholder and civil pressure to provide more encompassing reports, a patchwork of laws, regulations, standards, codes, guidance and stock exchange listing requirements have been adopted the world over.

Technology simplifies business processes and has added huge value to supply chain sophistication, but it has also rendered firms so diversified and at lateral risk that financial reports and management annotations became protracted, complex and often indecipherable scripts receptive only to the most seasoned investor and employee.

While standalone sustainability reports (issued voluntary alongside a firm’s financial report) has aided greatly in bringing a balance sheet approach to Corporate Social Responsibility and brand value, Integrated Reporting marries the stewardship of financial capital with the firm’s holistic value-creation process, including social and environmental accountability.

Little-known outside the accounting fraternity until fairly recently, Integrated Reporting today is an area of specialisation for CSI and traditional communications and investor relations firms, professional services (legal and auditing), environmental impact (incl. carbon footprinting) and independent multi-disciplinary consultancies.

In South Africa, the market for these services includes JSE-listed companies (required via the King III Codes to produce Integrated Reports) and unlisted firms in the supply chain driven by Government and industry peers to account for their financial, social and environmental performance. 

As a communications and CSI professional, my study of and entry into this field of reporting has transformed the way I view the businesses I consult to, and I approach the marriage of my writing and investigative skills in these ventures with great enjoyment. Perhaps the most interesting of the Integrated Reporting (and Assurance) processes is the stakeholder audits and quantification of social / environmental stories that form part of the process.

The Sustainable Development story: applying the 5W&H reporting principles

WHO? WHAT? WHEN? WHERE? WHY? HOW?

WHO?

In a nutshell, all of humanity – whether active or passive in our global village’s activities. As representatives of this planet, of countries, of age and social groupings, and of industries, our mere existence affects the issues facing us.

WHAT?

The implications of climate change, waste, financial crisis and poverty have converged in the collective consciousness – implicating governments, corporations and societies in the process.

WHEN?

Right now. The worldwide rise in policy revision, corporate reform and consumer behavioural change all has one objective in common: accountability; and one end-goal in mind: survival. Hence the hopeful 21^st century catchphrase: Sustainable Development – hand-in-hand with urgency, inclusivity and honesty.

WHERE?

On every level of society in just about every part of the world, the effects of unsustainable growth are evident in the domino effect of natural disasters, economic meltdown and decreased quality of life. These changes are amplified by the rising tide of social media, environmental and economic activism (e.g. WEF/Greenpeace and the Occupy movement), political uprising on most Continents and ever-increasing pressure on business across industries to act responsibly.

WHY?

Globalisation created new relationships between economies and supply chains. It sped up technological innovation and population growth, increasing consumption of our natural (water, food) and mined (energy) resources. This has ricocheted to drive prices up; availability and quality down. The ecosystems that sustain us economically and as a society are at increased risk. Our civilisation, as we know it, is young, with the first city-state established only 20 centuries ago, democracy in its infancy and the industrial age an embryo at just over a century– yet it is in this age that most risk has been taken.

“Throughout the 20^th century, we created wealth through vertically integrated corporations. Now, we create wealth through networks. We are at a turning point in human history, where the industrial age has finally run out of gas.” – Don Tapscott

HOW?

Businesses are being forced to react to these changes in order to remain successful and, in many cases, are developing new business models that recognize the need to innovate and do more with less.

My next blog will be about: Sustainability and Corporate Reporting - a waltz, not a toi-toi

AUW 2012: The power vs. the powerless

An hour (of three) into our Opening Ceremony at the African Utility Week 2012 - with fingers going blue and toes losing feeling from the cold - Eskom CEO Brian Dames took to the stage and entered into a cockle-warming exercise of national power utility PR as the aging power  - founded in 1923 when mining was in its infancy and manufacturing had not yet reached industrial levels locally - approaches its 90th birthday in March 2013.

The South African electricity industry diversification sees Eskom's role to ensure the first 49 chosen IPPs are connected to the grid, which Eskom controls, with the ultimate goal of easing the burden Eskom buckled under over the past 3 years to supply us with reliable electricity.

Last night, said Dames, power demand was projected to rise by 2000MW between 5-9pm alone - this is enough to power the entire Namibia, Botswana and more! Eskom sees 2012 as greatest peak shortfall. (We all know what THAT means this Winter - so best you blanket up.)

Quite rightly so, Dames reminded us that meeting capacity is not as much the problem as is maintaining reserves sufficient to deal with a massive 12% maintenance project through Winter - to ensure safety of plants & people and to improve performance of power stations. He mentioned that this was by far the biggest project in Eskom's history.

He quoted PWC's recently released "The Shape of Power to Come" Survey, which noted: World electricity demand is projected to increase from 17,200 TWh (terra-Watts)  in 2009 to over 31,700 TWh in 2035 - that is double what we use now! It will be driven by economic and population growth, as well as technological change and urbanisation, resulting in an increasing electrification of the world. More people will gain access to electricity and more activities and applications will be powered by electricity.

Back to local Eskom issues, Medupe's first unit - which was supposed to have been live by mid-2011 - will come online by the close of next year. Surprisingly, Dames blamed capacity within the local manufacturing industry (excluding the environmental concerns). He said that because the big SA manufacturing companies were struggling with capacity, Eskom had to intervene to get international companies to project-manage the local companies. Worrying...

An elderly gentlemen launched into a flurry of comments during Q&A's, accusing Eskom of selling out future generations in its projections made in the IRP 2010. He said that the discount rate of 10-12% that Eskom provided to the DoE ignores the renewable energy contributions and is much higher than the 5-6% maximum discount the US and Canada include in their long-term predictions. 

This man said that leaving the problem to future generations negated the whole idea behind the IRP 2010: sustainability. He criticised Eskom's strategy in establishing further coal mining operations in Limpopo and Mpumalanga, as this was done on prime agricultural land and would aid future food insecurity. Dames denied Eskom's direct involvement in the IRP 2010 planning process - this gentleman seemed to know better. Awkward moment.

Dames closed by saying that, in the next decade, new technologies in the utilities industry will be driven by: - energy supply concerns - climate change concerns - energy efficiency ambitions and - technological advancements.

The future, Dames said, will be characterised by 3 scenarios:

- decentralised grids (smart grids) IF we can solve the problem of storage;

- large-scale renewables (& grids) as in Europe; and

- a clean fossil world (powered by conventional technologies and large-scale nuclear).

Dames said he believes SA and Africa will have a hybrid system and, of course, that Eskom will still dominate, but this time working with private structures. Most interestingly (and perhaps an unintentional slip of the tongue by Mr Dames) was when he said: "Renewable energy grid price parity will occur as electricity prices continue to increase." Is that right?

Dames is also pro-nuclear and hydro-resource, but said SA needs a game-changer: gas (conventional / shale) and smarter grids are per-requisites to success. 

Dames rounded up his 2030 view: that all households will have electricity (as SA has evolved from less than 25% in 1999 to the 4millionth household that will be connected to the grid in early June). This in spite of the 2.5-3 million backlog, which has to be closed by 2022.

Finally, reflecting on energy poverty and climate change, Dames reminded us that he sits on UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon's special "Energy for All" energy initiative and he sees great promise for Africa.

Yet sub-Saharan Africa currently has access to only 68GW of energy (less than Spain uses) - and this figure plummets to 28% if SA is excluded.

And 33 countries on this continent have a capacity of less than 5GW (less than Medupe alone can deliver). 

As a parting shot (in aid of positivity) let us rejoice that the extensive consumer-focused power-savings campaigns have, since 2008, led to 2000MW of electricity efficiency savings.

Next blog posting: Sustainability and corporate reporting - applying the journalistic 5-W principles in reporting.

AUW 2012: We've got the power?

FREEZING

Yesterday, my colleague Penny Goodwin and I had the pleasure, amid the chattering of teeth and beset by a constant need to reflect on weather conditions... the second day of African Utility Week at the Nasrec exhibition centre, south of Johannesburg. 

The freezing wind and total absence of heating inside the Opening Ceremony hall (which opened a half hour late) aside, we at last had the opportunity to hear from the horse's appointed spokesperson's mouth in what direction the Department of Energy (DoE) is headed in terms of SA's 'sustainable' energy mix.

MINISTER MISSING IN ACTION

With Dipuo Peters waylaid in Parliament with President Zuma amid slightly better Cape Town weather yesterday, DoE COO, Thandeka Zungu, read the Minister's speech - to her credit, with a lot of eye contact and personal anecdotes thrown in for good measure.

Coincidentally, in Parliament yesterday morning, the Minister committed to address copper theft (worth R100 million p.a.) by drawing in the SAPS through ensuring an amendment to Second-Hand Goods Act towards tougher disciplinary measures against buyers of this cable.

NUCLEAR CERTAINTY

 Surprisingly, she started her speech talking NUCLEAR - specifically to confirm that the DoE is going ahead with its plans to ramp up nuclear power capacity to 9.6GW (the equivalent of two Medupi coal power stations) by 2030 as planned – disregarding the 11.4GW figure recently quoted by her Department.The international service providers-in-waiting for the tender announcement in November best keep their pocket calculators handy!  This in accordance with SA's Integrated Resource Plan, approved just six days after the Fukushima disaster in March 2011.  

Ms Zungu said the ill-named National Nuclear Energy Executive Co-ordination Committee (NNEECC), headed up by our very own Deputy President, would oversee the nuclear programme - at this stage, it is unclear whether they have to answer to Parliament on their decisions...It is thus what role division exists between NNNEECC and NECSA the SA Nuclear Energy Corporation), which just received a further R50 million in the budget vote to be in charge of developing viable nuclear fuel cycle operations for our beloved country.

UNDER-SERVICED COMMUNITIES

She also spoke about the Integrated National Electrification Programme (INEP) – the backbone for supplying under-serviced communities, rural areas, new formal / informal urban settlements with power. 

Eskom, working with municipalities (hampered by a lack of technical and managerial skills to handle this), had nevertheless completed 220 000 connections as at January 2012.  Eskom had 42 infrastructure projects funded, mainly in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape, while the municipalities had 45 projects funded. 

Eskom had been allocated R1.8 billion while the municipalities received R1.1 billion for 2012/13 - according to their web page. Ms Zungu's total was a R3.2 billion allocation for the coming year - but I guess R300 million is not too large an accounting err?

The worst INEP electrification backlogs exist in KZN, the Eastern Cape and Limpopo - which is being addressed by the commissioning of an additional 450,000 home solar system installations by independent service providers (mainly geysers) - 250,000 have been installed to date and the 2014 target is 1 million geysers. 

They're running into the problem, though, of recipients believing that they are receiving inferior power solutions by their malevolent government. Government is also not happy with the fact that most of these low-pressure geysers have been imported, and they'd like to see local production, which Ms Zungu said would attract Government-funded subsidies.

Further down the electrification road map, Ms Zungu reported on the recent National Electrification Indaba in Durban during March, held in line with the United Nations “Access to energy” campaign. Here, all stakeholders discussed the dilemma of having 90% of the country electrified (pun excused), as planned, by 2014. She did not mention any solutions... a 75% backlog exists in rural areas. 

There's also been an outcry from municipalities on the inequitable funding of electrification projects because Eskom got funding for the connections but municipalities did not. 

Compounding this, municipalities have to adhere to conflicting legislation. Funding is only effectively available from 1 July, meaning that they effectively have nine months to do the work unless they can get bridging finance, which in any case would put them in non-compliance with the applicable legislation. 

Obviously, the Municipal Finance Management Act 2003 procurement process needs serious review. Something Ms Zungu says is being addressed.

We have yet to ascertain the success of Project ADAM, a pilot with municipalities and Eskom  to ascertain the state of the electricity distribution industry in SA. Some systems are older than 40 years, and ADAM will prioritise which need changing and who is responsible.

She closed by saying that energy efficiency measurement was a top priority in 2012, to enable the DoE to better allocate needs and electricity supply blocks.

My next post will be on yesterday's host speaker: Brian Dames of Eskom.

SA Budget 2012: "DO MORE WITH LESS"

"DO MORE WITH LESS"

Pravin Gordhan, our Finance Minister, at SA's 2012 Budget Speech happening now:

Focus on PEOPLE in 2012: Ask what can you do for the Government and the People - not what the Government can do for you?

STATS:

- 43 infrastructure projects worth R3.2 trillion to be embarked on this year

- 32% of GDP will be spent next year: total spending to reach R1 trillion for the first time.

Bad News: Gauteng e-Tolling starts on April 30 :( capped at R550 monthly for frequent users...

"This world around us is changing causing discomfort with a power struggle looking - we as a developing nation need to seize the opportunity being a mining and agricultural country... gearing up for manufacturing jobs that will need to move out of China onto African shores..."

AFRICA TODAY:

Youthful, increasingly educated nation, urbanised and tech-savvy.

Government private sector collaboration challenges!

"Unregulated capitalism is in crisis."

How far will you get if you sit in your corner? (Zulu Proverb)

2030 VISION:

Agriculture

Manufacturing

Trade

"Don't burden future generations with debts generated through consumption."

DBSA more important role in strategic investment drive.

SA's development finance institutions well qualified to raise finance from state bodies, corporates and municipalities - something unique to South Africa.

Weaknesses in the State's infrastructure project capacity:

- only 68% of budget spent last year!

- how to fix it: 

         - planning, costing & project management; 

         - accountability to public infrastructure building & maintenance targets or lose allocations;

         - new technical assistance bodies to municipalities.

TAX RELIEF IS UNDER CONSIDERATION FOR BUSINESS!

R739 billion collected from taxpayers last year... (us Golden Gooses heading for the Abattoir)...

Revenue estimates & tax proposals:

Personal income tax relief to earners under R200k per year

New tax to medical schemes

Fairer Pension / Retirement Fund reform (2014)

Tax-exempt short-to-medium insurance products (up to R30k a year free of interest tax)

Tax income thresholds to be reviewed and reformed

Secondary tax on companies terminated on 30 March 2012

PAYE standard rate of 28% and max of 40% remain.

Capital Gains Tax change: 

- inclusion rate for individuals / family trusts 25% to 33.3%

- for companies up to 66.6%!

Tax relief for gap market: under R300k / RDP housing providers! "If u build ur employees houses, u could get a tax break!"

Carbon tax: Revised Policy Paper will go out for public consultation in 2012.

Solar water geysers will no longer be incentivised for consumers :( 

Excise duties increasing to under 500k aeroplanes, helicopters, boats, etc.

Tobacco - 5-8% increase in duties.

Alcohol - beer 10% increase (350ml) & spirits 20% increase over 2 years (750ml) & wine 8% increase (750ml).

NEW: Tax Ombud for difficulties not concluded by SARS!

Employment focal areas:

Community Works Programme to increase employees to 322 000

Water & fire environmental services

Youth programmes

Art & culture sector

Funny Tweet: "Minister Motsoaledi claps vigorously at the sin tax increases. He smiles. He's the only one that looks happy..."

COMMUNITY SUPPORT GRANTS INCREASE. 16.3 million people (more than a third of South Africans!!!)

Other focal areas:

Energy: demand side management

Alternative: township electrification; solar geysers; low voltage lights

Sentech: digital TV infrastructure

Rail system upgrades

Better waste water treatment

More RDP housing support - more needed from banks!

Funding to:

DBSA - R5.8bn & R3.2bn; SANParks, Nat Meteorology Institute, Fisheries & Agric; Agricultural Research Council (Mining & pharmaceuticals); Home Affairs for better border control.

National Health Insurance phased in over 14 years from 2012:

Discussed paper to be published by end April 2012.

NEW: R235 tax credit for medical scheme contributions for first 2 beneficiaries!

Gauteng Freeway Improvement Programme:

Government will get clever with debt restructuring to lower burden on road users.

eTag goes down 66c to 30c for light passenger vehicles.

Taxis will be exempted from paying toll fees.

Public transport upgrades touted... as well as new Legislation by Minister Transport... ?

New fiduciary movements:

Revised Financial Sector Charter by dti for public comment soon

Better liquidity standards for banks & insurers

Remove investment barriers

Reform retirement industry & encourage household saving

LOWER PRODUCT FEES esp for saving products!!!

FSB "Treating customers fairly" initiative getting more teeth

Growth:

SME financing a new dept of IDC (incl BEE & designated local supply)

Simpler tax on SMEs (only have to report twice a year across 3 areas... down from up to 18 times to only twice!)

 

And lots and lots of magnifying glasses, judgeteers and and energy to be put into tenderpreneurship, corporate price adjustment for Government contracts and other bribery, corruption & fraud practises, yay! Over n out.

Will COP17 Sustain our Africa?

Post-COP17 Holiday Break Reflection #1

It is now nearly a fortnight since Durban adieu'd 12,500 new visitors. The indigestion of hastily consuming COP17 accords has eased into nutritious comprehension. South Africa has added a 15th public holiday to its 2011 calendar.

But what will Africa's brothers and children - 80% of whom rely on their mothers and sisters for subsistence farming food supply - say about COP17 this festive season?

Photo courtesy
http://thegreentimes.co.za/media/k2/items/cache/51fccc7d7519fea84c85898572d90843_XL.jpg

COP17 Africa, as it has been dubbed, gave us ordinary Africans a great arena - way beyond the usual indaba where politicians seek the lowest common denominator in the name of democracy. The addition of bright scientific minds and ultra-radical environmentalists ensured a convergence of thoughts and debate, which got us to begin comprehending the complexity and urgency of the situation we are in.

 

It is as COP17 President and SA's Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Maite Nkoana Mashabane, said: “If the African continent is viewed as one unit, it will help governments make better choices.”

 

Perhaps because Africa has so much to lose from bad behaviour post-COP17, I am honoured to play a small part in the upcoming all-African SUSTAIN OUR AFRICA conference that will take place in the Mother City (Cape Town) next year in May.

It is my #1 Reflection Time wish that Sustain our Africa will enable Africans to see the forest for the trees – as Africa and its dependents will be severely impacted by climate change. It is our responsibility as Africans to help save our Continent in 2 ways:

- firstly: by influencing our governments to make the right policy decisions to ensure a sustainable future;

- secondly: by adapting our personal habits towards a more climate-smart future.

This at a time that NASA satellites see Africa on fire from space and Lake Chad (a water source on which seven African countries rely) is only a fifth of its size back in 1971...

Photo courtesy of http://thegreentimes.co.za/media/k2/items/cache/3d105248b10b0d962a881701f9482c8d_XL.jpg.

COP17: an aerial glance over my shoulder - no chips in the way!

A cop is not just a COP...

The whole Durban affair was bigger than people realise (and here I even exclude the myriad of side-events so many of us scrambled between)... It included the 17th time the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change convened, as well as the 7th time the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 7) met.

But that's not all folks! Durban also hosted the 14th meeting of an Ad hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA); the 16th meeting of an Ad hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP); and a 35th meeting of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA).  

It took more than 12,480 people, constituted of 5400 government officials, 5800 UN representatives and NGOs, and more than 1200 media to get conversation going.They must know each other so well by now, it's hard to imagine what's left to talk about...

Well, in the fray of activity, it would seem they managed to sign on a few dotted lines - 36 to be exact! These outcomes cover a wide range of topics, notably the establishment of a second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol, a decision on long-term cooperative action under the Convention, the launch of a new process towards an agreed outcome with legal force applicable to all parties to the Convention, and the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund.

After Copenhagen's debacles and a serious mission to resuscitate a multilateral climate regime in Cancun, Durban negotiators proved top-notch in saving a Kyoto that will lead to negotiations on a more inclusive 21st century climate regime.

The Durban surprise package, I believe, restored sufficient momentum for a new (finance-struck) frontier to negotiate terms that humans will actually be able to stomach - on a personal business and citizenry level. Traditional lines of division have, of course, also shifted...

Lest we forget... although the Green Climate Fund is criticised by many as a big mouth with no teeth, we shouldn't be too cynical about KEPT PROMISES - we all make up a community, a business and a nation - and as consumer behaviour changes, so our behaviours in all spheres will.

Well, this is my last hour in the office - blogs from the sun chair may be decidedly less rushed, more reflective and blessed with more exciting infographics :) so see you there!

Post-COP hangover cure: REFLECTION, with lots of water

So it's been a week since my last post and return to South Africa's economic powerhouse, Johannesburg. 

It was hard to leave Durban before the polls were out, but as they say: distance provides perspective. For me, at least, viewing the unfolding of the final 'green agreement' battle from a distance, shielded from any more side-event side-tracking, did give me a breather to gather my over-burdened thoughts :)

I believe South Africans, who had the privilege to partake in COP17 at various levels over the past fortnight, will be taking with them over the festive break minds filled with new issues to consider, broader considerations to internalise and a quest to discover their useful roles in driving South Africa towards cleaner, greener and most probably leaner climate-friendly progress.

* For the local media - to whom this was undoubtedly an invaluable exercise in multi-stakeholder access where the lines between environment, governance and business interests blurred into unison, 

* For local business and governmental representatives - who experienced an unusual depth of exposure to climate and sustainable conduct discussions over the past fortnight,

* And for the diverse sets of NGOs - who hopefully left COP17 with a clearer grasp of how to access the funding channels and support mechanisms available to their causes,

* Finally, for all interested parties - who have followed COP from afar or engaged in relationship-building and debate on the ground in Durban, at the very least the progress in engaged dialogue and a willingness to co-operate across borders and ideology bode well for an era where Earth's well-being hinges on an open-door policy between previously cold-shoulder parties.

Next-up, I will post a rear view mirror glance at the fortnight that was COP17!

CNN Ecosphere Hologram

As part of the talks in Durban – CNN have an online tool that allows you to follow the global Twitter conversation about COP17. You sign up and then hashtag your Tweets which get added to the flash tree as part of a collective global though bubble. [Check it here]

AMANDLA!

I could not, in all fairness, leave COP17 without having visited the People's Space. But why did they tuck it away at UKZN? 

View from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, high up on the hills and safely tucked away from the hustle and bustle of COP17 - where the People's Space (mainly for ativists) was allocated.

 
Why not run the lectures alongside the UNFCCC Precinct? It was interesting enough, and - Lord knows - we need everyone in dialogue: governments, big business, NGOs, the activists, and SME solution providers - but wait! The solution providers weren't really there, in force - except perhaps for the 28 new alternative energy providers announced at COP...

But let's look at the People's Space @ COP17 and what I found there... as could have been expected, fliers strewn across the hall, broken seats and intensely emotional dialogue greeted me on arrival. 

SABC Obie vans using the campus as a base, but no TV cameras inside; no outdoor biosphere displays as was expected; a very few displays scattered in a tucked-away hallway and a small group of people (about 50) in a lecture room. 

Activists demonstrating in front of the ICC in Durban the previous day...

It was late in the day and they were talking ECONOMIC JUSTICE - no surprise there... The whole climate issue faced by NGOs is equivalent to what NUMSA faces in their bargaining and industrial strategies: re-considering the use, values and impact of what it is they are doing. So let's see what they said...

Why not partner with the labour unions as environmental activists? 
Trade unions are assisting with the jobs market and exploitation of the labour force needs to be addressed as much as education of the labour force (in climate issues). Activists were adamant that Sasol and the SA delegation at COP17 needed to be exposed.

"In emerging economies such as SA, Brazil and Nigeria, you have the largest number of corporate delegates in the negotiating parties. However, this does not necessarily help NGOs. The Right2Know Campaign in SA, for instance, will drive NGOs further from corporate access and force more doors to close on them." (Wise words!)

Clever barriers in UK legislation prevent corporate information from becoming publicly available. Another problem is that the labourers (represented by unions) are, in their daily work, helping the big corporates to do what it is the activists are trying to stop. 

"Public debate is necessary with the business community."

Economic justice, women’s, agricultural and political movements are all about social justice. Popular education and building people’s power is a challenge for NGOs.

The InternationalPeople’s Tribunal on Ecological Debt (with legal teeth) has been mapped out for a long time now, but NEEDS CASES that can stand up in court, and depends heavily on regional processes. NGOs have neither the time nor the resources to do this properly.

Also, case study tabling is often not seen to be the most urgent political priority as legal mechanisms have limitations. But this attitude by NGOs hampers access to the global funding mechanisms they so direly need to continue.

"It is a sad truth that, as climate injustice continues,local struggles demand too much from NGOs. Why take on the corporates in the courtroom when popular education could engender consumer behavioural change and much more direct pressure on a corporate’s bottom line?"

Too often, NGOs speak among themselves in a jargon tainted with an insider feel and heavy, serious language. The right has something the left doesn’t have: IRONY. Perhaps time to re-create, lighten up?

But despair not, there was some good news shared among the activists: "A big Brazilian mine (name not mentioned) operating internationally will have People’s Sessions with the NGOs at Rio+20 to engage in dialogue."
Perhaps spend less time in universities and negotiations and more time on the streets and fields where the problems exist?

There was also much talk about the Earth Charter currently being worked into a legal format, which was discussed that morning by lawyer discussed and Earth Jurisprudence veteran Cormac Cullinan at a ClimateTrain event in the morning after the activists under Greenpeace staged a direct action at the Engen refinery in Durban.

My personal view on the eve of departing from COP17? I’ve listened to, and engaged with, government representatives, big business, the NGO’s and activists. But there’s one party excluded from discussions here, in fact from COP itself in a big way: the SME solution providers! Let's hope Rio+20 sees a drastic change in this illogical skew!

Revealing tales from behind the green curtain

Over lunchtime, I was so surprised by the candicacy of the "behind-the-scenes" COP17 comments by Brazilian-born but German-reared politician, economist, civil servant and business executive Caio Koch-Weser (currently Vice Chairman of the venerable Deutsche Bank) that I forgot all about lunch! 

As you'll see from the link above, Mr Koch-Weser does not like to brag about his salary or the value of his estate. But looking at his CV, one could perhaps hazard a guess... 

- Chair of the Global Climate Partnership Fund (a US$200 million Public Private Partnership, run by the German Ministry with equity capital to assume part economic risk, and co-funded by Denmark and the International Monetary Fund - to help dev-nations Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, The Philippines, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and Vietnam reduce energy consumption and greenhouse emissions by at least 20%).

- Executive Committee Chairman of the European Climate Foundation.

- Former member of UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon’s High Level Advisory Group on Climate Finance. 

- Former Vice-Minister in the German Federal Ministry of Finance.

- Prior to that, World Bank top dog...

I'm deviating again. So let's get back to the nitty-gritty of what was discussed. The International Emissions Trading Association / IETA’s CEO and President, Henry Derwent (himself a former  British Parliamentarian) pulsed Mr Koch-Weser about the  potential fate of COP17 negotiations, and about the role of business in making the $100 billion Green Climate Fund a success.  

His thoughts are, we were led to believe, in line with proposals from a new briefing “Durban Must Clear the Path for Low-Carbon Investment” by Deutsche Bank - the world's most highly leveraged financial institution, which made a $3.3 billion profit last year, but was involved in a huge civil law suit this year for losing its customers money on a futures interest rate hedging scheme.

While Deutsche Bank certainly stands out for the level of commitment and amount of work it's done to make climate finance work for the Bank's stakeholders, "we have a very long way to go," says Mr Koch-Weser. "Having COP as a client of the Bank's has helped us understand the level of resource productivity we need, given the climate challenge."

While Deutsche Bank will be carbon neutral by next year, it is not only reputation that's at stake, he says, "but moreover, to have a business the day after tomorrow.“

 

“Germany has leading experience in policy for some of the largest scale projects in the world, and although South Africa is lagging behind, the country has shown great leadership in saving the COP process, which could easily have failed after Cancun, and I commend President Jacob Zuma for that."

His framework for a successful climate change regime is based on the TLC concept of transparency, longevity and certainty. "Governments and business must get over their suspicion of each other, and together get fit for implementing the Green Climate Fund," he goes on to say.

The GCF will reflect at country level through NAMA’s (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions that are by-country greenhouse gas emission reduction targets). "The role of business would be to contribute directly to the GCF or NAMA targets with the World Bank’s support, to ensure the world does not endure another failing of the CDM [clean development mechanism] scenario, and banks need to put in the correct instruments and guarantees," says Koch-Weser. 

"It is the International Finance Corporation's role to assess risk and the scenarios for mezzanine, private and international financing. For developing nations, where taxpayers cannot afford to foot the bill, an interim financing net is needed."

Mr Koch-Weser, who has engaged with 16 of the world's top Finance Ministers at COP, and the likes of vocal climate change activist Nick Stern (noted for producing films such as Bugsy Malone and The Mission), says there has been respectables outcome so far at COP17, especially now because the financial leaders of the worlds are fully engaged in the process. 

"Instead of UN multilateral trade grants, we are bringing the private sector in," says Koch-Weser. "The UN Chairman and Norwegians did not do enough. SA Minister in the Presidency Trevor Manuel (who co-chairs the Green Climate Fund) has picked up many ideas. There is a richness of proposals, but a lot of process disagreement in terms of the private sector and World Bank's role at COP17, which has made a lot of good ideas fall through."

Mr Koch-Weser continues: "Due to the laborious UN democratic process and bottom-up coalitions, we as business globally are not waiting for governments to agree on climate change actions. We must push ahead with action. Also, the agreement on the Fund as we envisioned it, was not fully taken on board – very disappointing."

He says a comparable concord between World Bank and G20 countries is in doubt as there is an impossible range of issues (not just climate) being tabled at G20 discussions (including agriculture and food security) but the financial crisis sweeping through Europe and the US may hamper any progress.

Mr Koch-Weser described the "power that be" thus: 
Maximum legitimacy: governments and the UN with its democratic processes
versus
Maximum efficiency: financial institutions or the G20 – slated to become the G8.

"The G20 lifted to HEPS level becomes more PR than effect," he exclaimed. "The coalition was composed to serve markets, but is now right to tackle the climate issue with force."

How to eliminate suspicion of the private sector for funding?

Mr Koch-Weser is of the opinion that the Global Climate Fund can easily become overly bureaucratic, rendering it ineffective. He says Minister Manuel, who was on the discussion group, is not overly optimistic of the GCF's success - hence the case for other finance instruments.

As many have said during COP17, he reiterated that a lot of good single case studies of climate mitigation and adaptation success stories were brought forward, but nothing close to scaling up solutions for a global solution, mainly because countries and legislation differ so.

"Banks want project developers to deal with this challenge," says Koch-Weser. "A lot of other discussions on climate funding are in the $7-12bn range, so GCF's $1bn is very conservative. Unfortunately it looks as if the Chinese are walking away due to the complication of issues among countries."

 

How can we create prices and incentives to boost change? 

"An agreement on carbon price and tax are central, which will then shuttle down to NAMAs (nationally appropriate mitigation actions) and feed-in tariffs at country level. People spending their time promising short-term (3-4 year) stability are wasting their time," says Koch-Weser.

"Energy efficiency in our dirty processes seems like a low-hanging fruit - it is a negative cost if you fix your processes but that is an agent issue. Demand must be driven by policy and incentives."

Why so suspicious of markets? 

"More countries now have that internal debate. Consumer product and business is now pretty clearly broadly defined - and that is where the change should be driven. Business should be going to its regulator and demanding policy to satisfy its needs," he says.

"Climate-smart solutions for super grids can be driven by business, with a full plan and budget self-sufficiently ready. In consumer goods, energy, transport - the same rules apply. Don’t go to report to the UN, but to launch your own solutions!"

"Haven't you noticed that the side-show at COP is private sector and civil society? Because at COP nothing is happening. I know there are many political obstacles but where is most energy and innovation?" - Koch-Weser

"The bottom-up emphasis in science and research shows it works better, especially in the developing world. Business leaders are saying forget global frameworks: a carbon footprint of 450 CO2 ppm or 2 degrees lower will not be reached in this way," he continues.

"Frankly, it is a much bigger discussion - migration to water and food security and governments are not on top of these issues. Procedural democracy (voting instead of debate) is done by government officials who mostly have never seen real life. I would start with the cement industry, consumer goods which are closer to consumer behavioural change, and drive business backing from there on."

Rio+20 is like an answer looking for a question

"We as business could use the upcoming Rio+20 conference as a new message transfer for bottom-up approach to business coalitions, provincial and cross-country coalitions," he says. "There is still very little framework on responding on climate issues in a unified way in the UN."

Suggestion to Chinese private sector on how to make demands heard to huge government who run everything? 

China has developed an excellent bottom-up solution to climate change: a social plan, involving local governments, seven Cap and Trade regimes and energy efficiency standards.

"China has a great government structure and vast experience," says Koch-Weser. "The next generation of China will have a very different mind-set and the party has the wisdom to bring in the new highly trained modern thinkers and allow more participation by community members."

Where will COP17 get by Friday? 

"The outlook is more optimistic than I expected - it certainly was better than Cancun where the UNFCCC democratic process nearly failed completely," he concludes.


These are Koch-Weser's salient take-outs from COP17:

1.For the EU to go ahead with the Kyoto Convention, amid so many countries leaving, is quite remarkable

2. I think China will achieve their own targets and is considering its own commitment targets for 2020.

3. Brazil is in a renewable-friendly space with hydro, ethanol, solar, but negligent on forestry.

4. India is the big puzzle: emitting only 3-4 tonnes per person per year, why should they have binding commitments? It doesn’t make sense for India to do it the wrong way, though.

5. South Africa: Zuma and his Ministers play a critical role in pushing BASIC countries in the right direction, and for that I commend them!

By my conclusion and for even measure, here's what I was just mailed - was apparently on Occupy Wall St.’s Facebook page yesterday: